CONTENTS
Effect of energy
fluxes on materials
V.L. Vorobiev,
O.R. Bakieva, F.Z. Gilmutdinov,
À.À. Kolotov, I.Ê. Averkiev,
Å.Ì. Borisova, S.Ì. Reshetnikov
Effect of oxygen implantation on the
corrosion-electrochemical behavior of Cu-Mn
alloy........................................................5
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The study of
chemical compound and structure of Cu-Mn alloy
implanted with O+ ions with energy of 10-30 keV
with fluence of 1017 cm–2 was carried out.
Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis, we studied
changes in the type of chemical bond and atomic structure in irradiated Cu-Mn samples. Electrochemical properties of irradiated
surfaces have been estimated by means of anodic potentiodynamic
curves measuring in a neutral medium of a borate buffer solution,
hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide. As a result of irradiation, the
selective oxidation of manganese leads to the formation of a
oxide-gradient layer on the surface. This layer ensures the transition of the
alloy to a passive state. At a depth of more than 30 nm, two FCC structures of
Cu-Mn solid solutions are formed in which the
concentration of Mn is significantly lower than in
the initial state. Formation of various oxides converts the alloy to a
corrosion-resistant state in neutral and alkaline media. Analysis of the data
obtained by XPS, XRD and electrochemical studies of a model Cu-Mn alloy consisting of electropositive (Cu) and
electronegative (Mn) metal alloy confirm an
assumption that the increased corrosion resistance of such alloys is due to
the durability and continuity oxide layers formation on the surface. In an
acidic environment of hydrogen chloride, the presence of depassivating
chloride ions and low pH values contribute to the dissolution of surface
oxides. As a result, the corrosion resistance of the Cu-Mn
alloy, including after irradiation with oxygen ions, does not increase. Keywords:
electrochemical corrosion, oxides, ionic modification, Cu-Mn
alloy, surface, chemical structure, atomic structure. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-5-13 |
O.P. Maksimkin,
B.A. Kalin, M.S. Staltsov,
I.I. Chernov
Effect of implanted helium on physical-mechanical properties
of armco-iron at the temperatures of manifestation
of the blue brittleness
effect........................................................................................................................................................14
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The regularities
and features of dynamic deformation aging of armco-iron
samples uniformly in volume implanted with helium to a concentration of ~10–3 at.% He under
irradiation with a-particles with an energy of 50 MeV
were studied. Unirradiated and irradiated samples
were deformed by tension at a rate of 8.3·10–4 s –1 at
temperatures of 295-475 K, and mechanical properties and energy
characteristics — strain work, dissipated heat, and total stored energy —
were determined. It is shown that under tension in the temperature range
350-600 K in the unirradiated and in the irradiated
material the process of dynamic deformation aging is occurred. The effect of
increasing the ductility of iron implanted with helium in the temperature
range 425-475 K which is accompanied by additional heat release was
discovered. The increasing of the plasticity of iron implanted with helium is
explained by the formation of complex clusters containing helium atoms,
vacancies, and impurity atoms, which leads to the clearing of the matrix of
interstitial atoms and facilitating the movement of dislocations. Keywords: armco-iron, helium implantation, mechanical properties,
dynamic deformation aging. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-14-19 |
Z.I. Iskenderova
Influence of g-Al2O3 nanoparticles on radiolysis of transformer oil containing polychlorobiphenyl impurities.......................20
|
The effect of g-irradiation
with a dose of 68.4 kGy on the IR spectra of
transformer oil containing 15-40 ppm polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) and g-Al2O3 nanoparticles was studied. In the IR spectra, stretching vibrations =Ñ–Í
of aromatic compounds, Ñ–Í stretching vibrations, and Ñ–ÑÍ3 deformation
vibrations in alkanes are observed. The influence
of Al-Al2O3 nanoparticles on the formation of molecular hydrogen and hydrocarbon
gases CH4,
C2H4, C2H6, C3H8 was studied during the radiolysis of the systems. It was
found that the addition of 40 ppm PCB to
transformer oil leads to a slight increase in the radiation-chemical yield of
hydrogen from G = 0.24 to G = 0.27 molecules/100 eV, while the addition of g-Al2O3 nanoparticles causes a significant increase in G(H2) to 0.91
molecules/100 eV. Keywords:
transformer oil, polychlorobiphenyl, IR spectra, g-Al2O3 nanoparticles, radiolysis,
radiation-chemical yield. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-20-25 |
A.A. Shlykova,
M.F. Gasanov
Formation of nitrides on the surface of amorphous alloys
under laser
irradiation...................................................................26
|
Effect of pulsed
laser irradiation (3 J, 3 ms) on the microstructure and chemical composition
of the surface of Zr46Cu46Al8 amorphous alloy has been investigated with the help of
field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis
methods. Laser-induced thermal field in near the surface layer was calculated
by means of numerical method. Crater with 800 mm in diameter is found to be
formed on the surface after laser irradiation. After crystallisation,
dendrite crystals of 1-10 mm in size were observed in the central 200 mm size
zone of the crater and a columnar structure formed in the rest of the crater.
On the crater surface there was detected the high concentration of nitrogen
and oxygen (~40%). Calculated values of activation energy of oxides and
nitrides formation were equal 2 and 290 kJ/mole respectively. Keywords: bulk
metallic glasses, laser irradiation, oxidation, crystallization. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-26-31 |
Plasmochemical methods of production and treatment of materials
A.M. Kruchinin,
M.Ya. Pogrebisskiy, E.S. Ryazanova, A.Yu. Chursin
Electrical and thermal characteristics of an argon arc in
the stabilization zone of a laminar plasmatron...............................32
|
On the base of the
method of universal arc characteristics and jet plasma arc heat exchange
model, the calculation of electrical and thermal characteristics of the
stabilized arc in the stabilization zone of the laminar plasma torch is
carried out. The calculated data are compared with literature experimental
data for argon arc stabilized by the walls of the discharge channel. Good
agreement between the results of calculations of the electrical and thermal
characteristics of the arc and experimental data is obtained. Keywords: arc plasmatrons, laminar plasmatrons,
arc heat exchange model. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-32-35 |
A.A. Nikolaev, D.E. Kirpichyov, A.V. Nikolaev
Influence of material charging into plasma-arc furnace bath
on energy parameters
of reduction melting of quartz-leucoxene
concentrate...............................................................................................................36
|
Energy parameters
of plasma-arc reduction melting of quartz-leucoxene are investigated.
Quartz-leucoxene is a perspective raw material of Russian titan industry. The
melting is aimed at refining of quartz-leucoxene from silicon and production
of synthetic rutile. The refining is based on
reduction of SiO2 to SiO and evaporation of SiO from the melt. The melting was pursued at atmospheric
pressure in laboratory DC current plasma-arc furnace with graphite electrode
and graphite crucible. The material was fed into crucible throw axial cannel
in electrode. The bath of melted material served as anode of the arc. Argon was
also fed into electrode cannel as plasma forming gas. It was shown that arc
current decreased and voltage between crucible and electrode increased when
feed of material began. On the contrary the current increased and the voltage
decreased when feed stopped. It was proposed that such changing of volt-
ampere parameters is due to high electric resistance of bath bearing solid particles.
It was assumed that the resistance of completely liquid bath was negligible.
The resistance of bath with solid particles was estimated on the base of
volt-ampere parameters. It was shown that charging of the material into the
bath leads to increase of bath heating due to increase of joule heating. The
increase of joule heating is due to increase of electric resistance of the
bath which contains solid material during charging. The power of joule
heating was 70% from arc heating power and compensated expenditures on
melting and chemical treatment of the material. Keywords: plasma,
arc, melting, quartz-leucoxene, power, heating, electric resistance. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-36-41 |
Functional coatings
and surface treatment
I.F. Khanbekov, V.S. Petrov, I.P. Li, A.A. Polunina, D.N. Loktev
Investigation of the processes on the surface and in the
volume of magnetron materials under thermal
and thermoacoustic treatment during
vacuum pumping of the air
atmosphere.........................................................................42
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Method of
measurement of the relative amount of gas released from the magnetron during
its vacuum pumping which allows to evaluate the
effectiveness of a particular method. The equations describing the three main
reactions occurring in the process of gas release are found, sophisticated
analysis of the vacuum pumping process is carried out. The developed
technique was tested on model objects and applied to measurement of the
relative amount of gas released from a serial magnetron during vacuum pumping.
Calculations were carried out which allows to fix the relative amount of gas
pumped out from magnetrons with the use of different methods of degassing.
The comparative analysis of the obtained data is carried out. The proposed
method of acceleration of sorption-diffusion processes under the influence of
ultrasonic vibrations on the magnetron body simultaneously with its heating
during vacuum pumping showed its effectiveness by increasing the gas release
by more than 2 times. Keywords: vacuum,
pumping, thermal desorption, ultrasonic, acoustics desorption, electrovacuum device. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-42-49 |
Composite materials
A.V. Vodopyanov, A.A. Sorokin, S.V. Sintsov, A.V. Samokhin, N.V. Alekseev, M.A. Sinaisky
Tungsten carbide nanopowder
synthesis under the influence of microwave electromagnetic radiation
on a W-C system nanocomposite
produced in a thermal
plasma...............................................................................................50
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The effect of
processing multicomponent nanopowders
of the W-C system, obtained by plasma-chemical synthesis, in microwave fields
with a frequency of 2.45 and 24 GHz generated using a magnetron and gyrotron, respectively, was studied experimentally. It
has been established that microwave processing results in the formation of nanosized particles of WC tungsten carbide. The influence
of processing time on the phase, disperse, and chemical compositions of nanopowders is investigated. Keywords:
microwave, gyrotron, tungsten carbide, nanoparticles, synthesis. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-50-5 |
T.Yu. Kiseleva, E.T. Devyatkina, T.F. Grigorieva, E.V. Yakuta, E.V. Lazareva, S.V. Vosmerikov,
S.I. Zholudev,
I.P. Ivanenko, G.P. Markov, D. Sangaa,
E. Uyanga, A.S. Ilyushin
Mechanosynthesized composite materials based on ultra-high molecular weight
polyethylene modified
with magnesium ferrite
particles................................................................................................................................................57
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Composite materials
based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and magnesium
ferrite particles — precursors for future formation of light protective
against electromagnetic radiation material have been synthesized mechanochemically. Applying scanning electron microscopy,
X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry
and magnetic measurements, the influence of the ferrite particles synthesis
methods (solid phase, coprecipitation, sol-gel or mechanosynthesis) on the structural and morphological
characteristics of UHMWPE/ferrite composite materials were studied. It was
shown that the mechanochemical method of composite
formation contributes to an increase in the dispersity
as ferrite particles, by their non-uniform distribution in the UHMWPE volume
with the transformation of its supramolecular
structure. The method of ferrites particles synthesizing has a different
effect on the formation of the molecular structure of UHMWPE: the appearance of
a larger number of molecular structures with low melting points was a sign of
greater homogeneity of mixing using smaller and uniform particles of ferrite.
The observed formation of low molecular weight polymer chains should increase
the rate of mutual diffusion between the boundaries of the polymer particles,
which in sintering processes will lead to better sintering of the particles. Keywords: composites,
mechanosynthesis, ultrahigh molecular weight
polyethylene, ferrites. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-57-68 |
New methods of
treatment and production of materials with required properties
T.K. Nurubeyli,
Z.K. Nurubeyli, K.Z. Nuriev,
Kh.N. Ahmedova, M. Atrafi Giyasi
Mass-spectrometric investigations of the composition of
hydrocarbon gases and trace elements migrating
from oil and gas
deposits............................................................................................................................................................69
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An inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to study the depth distribution of
hydrocarbon gases and trace elements contained in solid rocks. The results
indicate the migration of hydrocarbon gases and show that under the influence
of penetrating water and dissolved gases there is a change in the composition
and properties of rocks and their partial dolomitization.
Taking this effect into account allows one to increase the reliability of
forecasting when searching for oil and gas fields. Keywords:
hydrocarbon, organic matter, oil and gas fields, inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry, wells, rocks. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-69-74 |
A.M. Sergeeva,
N.S. Lovizin, A.A. Sosnin
Structure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys
produced by a new method
of simultaneous continuous casting and metal deformation in
solid-liquid
state......................................................................75
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Evolution of the
microstructure and the change in the mechanical properties of samples of
aluminum alloys D1 and D16 cut from different areas of the material blanks
produced by continuous vertical casting with simultaneous deformation of the
metal in a solid-liquid state are considered. The scheme of the prototype
installation for the implementation of this technology is presented. The
methodology for preparing samples for studying the structure of the areas of
the ingot located in different parts of the mold and solidified under various
temperature and force conditions is considered in detail. It has been shown
that the advantage of the technology considered is the formation of a
fine-grained structure during crystallization and an increase in the mechanical
properties of the metal. For aluminum alloys D1 and D16 produced by this
technology, the increase in tensile strength was 20 and 18%, yield strength —
40 and 39%, hardness — 28 and 26%, respectively, the relative elongation of
both alloys increased 2.5 times. Keywords:
structure, deformation in the solid-liquid state, aluminum alloys, continuous
casting, mechanical properties. DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2020-1-75-82 |